Economic cacao cultivars are grown for the production of dried beans, which are the source of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter, cocoa cake and cocoa powder. In ghana, much of the land used for cocoa production belongs to local chiefs. It is our view that only a productive cocoa farm will attract the younger farmer generation to carry on with cocoa production. It is the 25th edition of an annual series that commenced in 1991. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa, report to cadbury. At the end of the season, the cocoa output is divided into thirds, with the owner taking onethird and the farmer keeping the rest. The growing population of cocoa farmers also reinvested its profits in expan ding cocoa production in the western end of ghana s forest zone, rapidly shifting the production frontier into ashanti and brong. To address the growing global demand for cocoa, sustainable intensification of its production in west africa is considered crucial. The chief executive officer ceo of the ghana cocoa board cocobod, dr stephen k. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014. In ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment.
Perceived impact of cocoa innovations on the livelihoods of cocoa farmers in ghana. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana food and. Cacao is a fastgrowing tropical forest plant, capable of being cultivated in association with other trees, and providing additional goods like timber and firewood, fruits, construction materials. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production.
Cocoa farmers are usually settlers who lease the land, sometimes through an informal gentlemans agreement, to grow cocoa. The case of cocoa in ghana food and agriculture organization of. Cocoa production for that matter has always been a key driver of agriculture s contribution to the socioeconomic development of ghana. Guide describing trade and industry practices, as well as regulations applying to cocoa traces customs procedures, systems and techniques used at each stage of the cocoa supply chain. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa.
Mondelez international recognizes this evolving production landscape and supports this investigation into measuring the. The share of fine or flavour cocoa in the total world production of cocoa beans is just under 5% per annum. Do you know that cocoa farming business is one of the highly profitable agribusiness in nigeria. Ghanas cocoa farmers turn to smuggling as profits dwindle. Kwaku boateng has disclosed that coconut farming is second to cocoa production in ghana. Mofas mission is to promote sustainable agriculture and thriving agribusiness through research and technology development, effective extension and other support services to farmers, processors and traders for improved livelihood. Cocoa production will help to contribute to nigerias gdp and move the country from its dependency on the oil industry. Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Women cocoa farmers are the forgotten, unpaid family labor who have an essential and active role in particular cocoa production practices such as pruning, fermentation, and drying. This is the prime reason that the business for cocoa farming is being boosted up. Is introduction of fine flavour cocoa a viable alternative. But the cocoa sector has been afflicted with continuing problems, including declining productivity, crop damage from.
Ghana s cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. Pdf cocoa theobroma cacao lineus has remained a valuable crop and major foreign exchange earner among. This paper analyzes the determinants of cocoa productivity and profitability by smallholder farmers in ghana to provide insights into challenges for future cocoa farming, which will guide the formulation and prioritization of tailored policies to address. It is hoped that this manual also helps to increase productivity of the cocoa sector, as certification is also covered in the manual to add premium to cocoa produced in ghana. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghana s reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. But farmers who lease their land are reluctant to replant for fear of losing their right to farm.
Aging cocoa trees provide opportunity for agricultural. Within the chocolate industry, these activities are critical for enhancing yields and qualitythus showing the importance of women in the cocoa production process. On the other hand, cameroon cocoa beans, produced by trinitariotype trees and whose cocoa powder has a distinct and soughtafter red colour, are classified as bulk cocoa beans. The commercial agriculture of cocoa is a trade that is now being widely considered due to the magnitude of this crops produce to the confectionary industry as well as to other food areas. Cocoa farming plays a critical economic and social role in ghana. One of the key findings of the study is that, due to several reasons, productivity in cocoa farming is low, and declines as the farmers get older. Majority of cocoa farmers in ghana operate on small scale with average farm sizes of two to three hectares with less than 10 percent of cocoa farmers operating on large scale. Post projects the my 201112 the ghana cocoa bean production at 1 million mt. Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20. Farmers benefit from the global market for the crop and the cacao trees ability to work well with other crops that peak at different times of the year. We are already one of the worlds leading suppliers of sustainable cocoa, but our mission is to go. The spraying gangs are given free pesticides to combat capsids and fungicides to. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2. Pdf economic analysis of cocoa production in ghana.
Ghana is presently the worlds second largest producer of cocoa beans after the ivory coast. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Historical overview of cocoa world prices and ghana production. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world. Rubber plantations are displacing ghanas small cocoa. In recent times, matters involving cocoa production have not been so pleasant for industry players both farmers and processors thus adversely affecting fortunes of the oncevibrant and lucrative sector. Ghanaians involved in cocoa production in ghana out of total population of almost 19 million.
An original cocoa research institute of ghana book edition, published for the first time anywhere. Creating opportunities for young people in ghanas cocoa sector. Ghana s cocoa farmers turn to smuggling as profits dwindle. Cocoa production will lessen the unemployment scourge in nigeria. A history of exploitation 2 contents page executive summary 3 1. Facts and figures 2015, has been prepared by the statistics research and information directorate srid of the ministry of food and agriculture mofa.
A guide to trade practices international trade centre. Cocobod to address challenges facing cocoa production. The ghana cocoa board cocobod is one of the largest public institutions in. Cocobod pays farmers 70% of net free on board fob price in 2012, the rate is. This manual has been developed by the world cocoa foundation wcf and by rainforest alliance, in collaboration with ghana cocoa board, as part of the usaid feed the future partnership for climate smart cocoa program, led by wcf, and of the cgiar research program on climate change, agriculture and food security ccafs. Relatives of cocoa farmers receive free medical care at cocoa clinic which is. The cocoa sector development strategy has also involved shifting responsibility for cocoa extension services from the cocoa services division, a subsidiary of the ghana cocoa board cocobod to the ministry of food njas 5234, 2004 causes of low productivity of cocoa in ghana and agriculture. Cocoa production occurs in the countrys forested areas. Cocoa life is an exciting project in which vso is working with mondelez international to support farmers and producers in ghana to ensure a sustainable cocoa supply chain. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. A history of exploitation antislavery international. A cash crop, cocoa farming accounts for a substantial percentage of family income in many countries. Opuni, says the board has put in place adequate measures to address the systematic challenges facing cocoa.
Cocoa is the countrys second most important export and provides income to a large segment of the ghanaian population. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 900 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. Creating opportunities for young people in ghana s cocoa sector 7 executive summary cocoa production is essential to the health of ghana s economy, contributing 3% to its gross domestic product and supporting the livelihoods of approximately 4 million farming households gss, 2015.
Sustainable and futureoriented cocoa production in ghana. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghana s main cash crop. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghana s cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod. The ghana cocoa bean production for the 201011 reached a record.
Cocoa yields are declining as trees age across ghana, the worlds secondbiggest cocoa producer. A training manual for field officers world cocoa foundation. In ghana, cocoa farmers face challenges such as aging trees, pests, and diseases. This forecast is due to favorable weather conditions adequate and timely rains and continuous government of ghana gog commitment to support the sector. This study focuses on the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security.